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During the past decade, recognition and acceptance of a role for genetics in complex human behavior, including intelligence, have increased dramatically. Indeed, we may be nearing the time when it will become important to prevent the pendulum of fashion from swinging too far in the direction of genetic influence. The purpose of this chapter is to review new findings from the field of behavioral genetics that demonstrate a critical point: Behavioral genetic research provides strong evidence for the importance of environmental influences as well as genetic influence on individual differences in cognitive abilities, and it suggests new ways to think about these environmental influences.