Elliott, D. S., Huizinga, D. and Ageton, S. S. Explaining Delinquency and Drug Use. Beverly Hills, CA : Sage Publications, 1985.

This book introduces a new model designed to explain delinquent behavior and drug use in adolescents. The model presented is an integration of traditional strain, social control, and social learning perspectives. Through the eight chapters, the authors describe the fully integrated model, the sample of individuals (National Youth Survey participants), and the implications this model may have on new treatments designed to help delinquent individuals.

Elliott, D. S., Huizinga, D. and Menard, S. Multiple Problem Youth: Delinquency, Drugs and Mental Health Problems. New York, NY: Springer, 1989.

This book addresses the following questions about problems in adolescence, relying on data from the NYS.

• What patterns of joint delinquent and mental health problems are found within the adolescent population?
• What proportion of youth exhibit each multiple problem pattern, and how are youth exhibiting these patterns distributed in the general population by age, sex, race, class, and place of residence?
• How do these patterns differ with regard to the frequency of each type of behavior?
• Is there a typical order of onset of these behaviors?
• Can we identify a common set of causes for these problems?
• What is the predictive effect of joint delinquent and mental health problems in adolescence on long range criminal involvement or mental health issues?

This paper is a copy of the presidential address given by Delbert Elliott to the American Society of Criminology in 1993. It addresses several important questions about youth violence and criminal invovlement using data from the NYS. Some of these questions include: "What is the prevalence of serious violent offending in adolescence?, How does it begin?, How does it develop over time?, and Can we predict the onset of violent offending? In this paper Elliott answers these questions and stresses the urgent need to develop policies and interventions strategies to address the "violence crisis" in America.

Mihalic, S. Wofford and Elliott, D. S. "Short- and Long-Term Consequences of Adolescent Work." Youth and Society 28(4):464-498, 1997.

This article examines the short- and long-term consequences of working during adolescence. Negative short-time effects are found in the domains of school, family and friend bonding, beliefs, and substance use. A few of these effects persist into adulthood. Those who work more years during adolescence report higher rates of alcohol and marijuana use and less conventional beliefs at ages 27 and 28. A long-term beneficial effect is that the duration of early work is positively related to employability in adulthood.

Huizinga, D., Menard, S. and Elliott, D. S. "Delinquency and Drug Use: Temporal and Developmental Patterns." Justice Quarterly 6:419-455, 1989.

The long- and short-term relationships of alcohol and illegal drug use to delinquent and criminal behavior are examined. As anticipated, substance use and delinquency are positively associated, but there is little evidence that substance use leads to delinquency. Relationships between substance use and more serious delinquency appear to be developmental, not causal.

Menard, S. “The ‘Normality’ of Repeat Victimization From Adolescence Through Early Adulthood,” Justice Quarterly, 17(3):543-574. 2000.

This study examines the patterns of victimization experienced by individuals from the time of adolescence through early adulthood. Data from the NYS is used, chronicling individual's experiences from ages 11 to 33. Researchers found that most individuals in this age range (74% of respondents) are repeat victims of crime. This victimization tends to be chronic, multiple, and intermittent, and involves an average of one property victimization and one violent victimization per year. However, most individuals do not experience 2 victimizations per year because victimization tends to be highly concentrated within a small percentage of the population (these individuals are victims many times in a year, and this raises the average). This concentration of victimization in a small portion of the population also appears to increase with age.

Morse, B. J. "Beyond the Conflict Tactics Scale: Assessing Gender Differences in Partner Violence." Violence and Victims 10(4):257-272, 1995.

Previous studies of partner assault, particularly those using the Conflict Tactics Scales, have produced the controversial finding that women are as likely to assault their partners as are men. Such findings are clearly at odds with medical, legal, and social service agencies which find that women are far more often the victims of partner assault. Self-reported data from a national sample of young adults were used to determine the extent to which this apparent discrepancy could be reconciled. Results confirm previous findings of extensive violence by women, with little evidence of systematic over or underreporting by either men or women. However, although both men and women engaged in frequent minor assault, men were more likely than women to repeatedly beat their partner during the course of a year. In addition, women were far more likely than men to suffer physical injury and seek medical treatment as a consequence of incidents of male violence. Taken together, these finding somewhat reconcile the discrepancy regarding partner assault: women are more often than men the victims of severe partner assault and injury not necessarily because men strike more often, but because men strike harder.

REPORTS & PUBLICATIONS OF THE NYSFS STAFF

Books and Monographs

Ageton, S. S. Sexual Assault Among Adolescents. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, Washington, DC: Health and Company, 1983.

Elliott, D. S., Huizinga, D. and Ageton, S. S. Explaining Delinquency and Drug Use. Beverly Hills, CA : Sage Publications, 1985.

Elliott, D. S., Huizinga, D. and Menard, S. Multiple Problem Youth: Delinquency, Drugs and Mental Health Problems. New York, NY: Springer, 1989.

Published Articles

Canter, R. J. "Family Correlates of Male and Female Delinquency." Criminology 20(2): 149-168, 1982.

Canter, R. J. "Sex Differences in Self-Reported Delinquency." Criminology 20: 373-394, 1982.

Canter, R. J. and Ageton, S. S. "The Epidemiology of Adolescent Sex Role Attitudes." Journal of Sex Roles 2(718), 1984.

Dunford, F. W. and Elliott, D. S. "Identifying Career Offenders with Self-Reported Data." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 21(1): 57-86, 1984.

Elliott, D. S. "Self-Reported Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol/Drugs and the Risk of Alcohol/Drug-Related Accidents." Alcohol, Drugs, and Driving 3(3-4):31-44, July-December, 1987.

Elliott, D. S. "Serious Violent Offenders: Onset, Developmental Course, and Termination." Criminology 32:1-22, 1994. Reprinted (in whole or in part): Conger, J.J.and N. L. Talambus (eds.) Adolescence and Youth: Psychological Development In A Changing World New York: Harpers, 1997; Greenberg, D. (ed.) Criminal Careers: Vol. II, Hampshire, England; Dartmouth 1996. Dobrin, A., Loftin, C., McDowall, D. and Wiersema, B. (eds.),The Statistical Handbook of Violence in America. Phoenix, AZ: Oryn, 1996; NIJ,Technical Assistance and Support Program, 1994.

Elliott, D. S. "An Overview of Youth Violence." Congressional Program: Children and Violence 9(2): 15-20, 1994. Reprinted, Center for the Study of Youth Policy 1995, Adapted for "Youth Violence: An Overview." Pp. 83-89 in Juvenile Crime: Opposing Viewpoints, San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996.

Elliott, D. S. “Life-Threatening Violence is Primarily a Crime Problem.” University of Colorado Law Review 69:1081-1098, 1998.

Elliott, D. S. and Ageton, S. S. "Reconciling Race and Class Differences in Self-Reported and Official Estimates of Delinquency." American Sociological Review 45(1): 95-110, 1980.

Elliott, D. S., Ageton, S. S. and Canter, R. J. "An Integrated Theoretical Perspective on Delinquent Behavior." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 16(1): 3-27, 1979.

Elliott, D. S. and Huizinga, D. "Social Class and Delinquent Behavior in a National Youth Panel: 1976-1980." Criminology 21(2): 149-177, 1983.

Elliott, D. S., Huizinga, D. and Morse, B. J. "Self-Reported Violent Offending: A Descriptive Analysis of Juvenile Offenders and Their Offending Careers." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 1(4): 472-514, 1986.

Elliott, D. S. and Morse, B. J. "Delinquency and Drug Use as Risk Factors in Teenage Sexual Activity." Youth and Society 21(1): 32-60, 1989.

Esbensen, F. and Elliott, D. S. "Continuity and Discontinuity in Illicit Drug Use." Journal of Social Issues 24:75-97, 1994.

Esbensen, F. and Menard, S. "Interviewer-Related Measurement Error in Attitudinal Research: A Non-Experimental Study." Quality and Quantity 25: 151-165, 1991.

Huizinga, D. and Elliott, D. S. "Reassessing the Reliability and Validity of Self-Report Delinquency Measures." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 2(4): 293-328, 1986.

Huizinga, D. and Elliott, D. S. "Juvenile Offenders: Prevalence Offenders Incidence, and Arrest Rates by Race." Crime and Delinquency 33(2): 206-223, 1987.

Huizinga, D., Menard, S. and Elliott, D. S. "Delinquency and Drug Use: Temporal and Developmental Patterns." Justice Quarterly 6:419-455, 1989.

Menard, S. "Short-Term Trends in Crime and Delinquency: A Comparison of UCR, NCS and Self-Report Data." Justice Quarterly 4(3): 455-474, 1987.

Menard, S. "Demographic and Theoretical Variables in the Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Illegal Behavior." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 29(2): 178-199, 1992.

Menard, S. "A Developmental Test of Mertonian Anomie Theory." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 32:136-174, 1995.

Menard, S. “The ‘Normality’ of Repeat Victimization From Adolescence Through Early Adulthood,” Justice Quarterly, 17(3):543-574. 2000.

Menard, S. “Short- and Long-Term Consequences of Adolescent Victimization,” Youth Violence Research Bulletin. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice. 2002.

Menard, S. and Elliott, D. S. "Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Data Collection and Analysis in the Study of Crime and Delinquency." Justice Quarterly 7:11-55, 1990.

Menard S. and Elliott, D. S. "Self Reported Offending, Maturational Reform, and the Easterlin Hypothesis." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 6: 237-267, 1990.

Menard, S. and Elliott, D. S. "Data Set Comparability and Short-Term Trends in Crime and Delinquency." Journal of Criminal Justice 21:433-445, 1993.

Menard, S. and Elliott, D. S. "Delinquent Bonding, Moral Beliefs, and Illegal Behavior: A Three-Wave Panel Model." Justice Quarterly 11:173-188, 1994.

Menard, S. and Huizinga, D. "Age, Period, and Cohort Size Effects on Self-Reported Alcohol, Marijuana, and Polydrug Use." Social Science Research 18:174-194, 1989.

Menard, S. and Huizinga, D. "Changes in Conventional Attitudes and Delinquent Behavior in Adolescence." Youth and Society 26:23-53, 1994.

Menard, S. and Mihalic, S. “The Tripartite Conceptual Framework in Adolescence and Adulthood: Evidence From a National Sample,” Journal of Drug Issues, 31(4):905-938.

Menard, S., Elliott, D. S. and Wofford, S. "Social Control Theories in Developmental Perspective." Studies in Crime and Crime Prevention 2:69-87, 1993.

Menard, S., Mihalic, S. and Huizinga, D. “Drugs and Crime Revisited,” Justice Quarterly, 18(2):269-299.

Mihalic S. Wofford, S., Elliott, D. S. and Menard, S. "Continuities in Marital Violence." Journal of Family Violence 9:195-225, 1994.

Mihalic, S. Wofford and Elliott, D. S. "A Social Learning Theory Model of Marital Violence." Journal of Family Violence 12(1):21-47, 1997.

Mihalic, S. Wofford and Elliott, D. S."If Violence Is Domestic, Does It Really Count?" Journal of Family Violence 12(3):293-311, 1997.

Mihalic, S. Wofford and Elliott, D. S. "Short- and Long-Term Consequences of Adolescent Work." Youth and Society 28(4):464-498, 1997.

Morse, B. J. "Beyond the Conflict Tactics Scale: Assessing Gender Differences in Partner Violence." Violence and Victims 10(4):257-272, 1995.

Roitberg, T. and Menard, S. "Adolescent Violence: A Test of Integrated Theory." Studies on Crime and Crime Prevention 4:177-196, 1995.

Chapters in Books

Elliott, D. S. "The Assumption That Theories Can Be Combined with Increased Explanatory Power: Theoretical Integrations." In R. F. Meier (ed.), Theoretical Methods in Criminology in Criminology. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1985.

Elliott, D. S. "Longitudinal Research in Criminology: Promise and Practice." In E. G. M. Weitekamp and J. H. Kerner (eds.) Cross National Longitudinal Research on Human Development and Criminal Behavior Pp.189-201. Netherlands: Kluwer, 1994.

Elliott, D. S. and Huizinga, D. “Improving Self-Reported Measures of Delinquency.” In M. W. Klein (ed.), Cross-National Research in Self-Reported Crime and Delinquency. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer, 1989.

Elliott, D. S., Huizinga, D. and Dunford, F. W. "The Identification and Prediction of Career Offenders Utilizing Self-Reported and Official Data." Pp. 90-121 (Chapter 4) in J. Burchard and S. Burchard (eds.), Primary Prevention of Psychopathology. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1987.

Elliott, D. S., Huizinga, D. and Morse, B. J. "A Career Analysis of Serious Violent Offenders." Pp. 23-34 in Violent Juvenile Crime: What Do We Know About It and What Can We Do About It? Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs,Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, 1987.

Elliott, D. S. and Menard, S. "Delinquent Friends and Delinquent Behavior: Temporal and Developmental Patterns." Pp. 28-67 in David Hawkins (ed.) Delinquency and Crime: Current Theories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Elliott, D. S. and Morse, B. J. "Drug Use, Delinquency and Sexual Activity." In C. Jones and E. McAnarney (eds.) Drug Abuse and Adolescent Sexual Activity, Pregnancy and Parenthood. NIDA, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1987.

Esbensen, F. "Measurement Error and Self-Reported Delinquency: An Examination of Interviewer Bias." In Waldo, G. P. (ed.) Measurement Issues in Criminal Justice. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1983.

Huizinga, D. "Assessing Violent Behavior with Self-Reports." In J. Milner (ed.) Neuro- psychology of Aggression Kluwer Academic Publishing, 1991.

Huizinga, D., Esbensen, F. and Weiher, A.. "Examining Developmental Trajectories in Delinquency Using Accelerated Longitudinal Research Designs." In E.G.M. Weitekamp and H. J. Kerner (eds.), Cross-national Longitudinal Research on Human Development and Criminal Behavior, Pp. 203-216. Netherlands: Kluwer, 1994.

Menard, S. "A Developmental Test of Cloward's Anomie-Opportunity Theory." In N. Passas and R. Agnew (eds.) The Future of Anomie Theory. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press, 1997.

OTHER PUBLICATIONS USING NYS DATA

Adams, M.S. (1997). Labeling and differential association: towards a general social learning theory of crime and deviance. American Journal of Criminal Justice 20:146-164.

Adams, M.S. and Evans, T.D. (1996). Teacher disapproval, delinquent peers, and self-reported delinquency: a longitudinal test of labeling theory. Urban Review 28:199-211.

Adams, M.S., Johnson, J.D., and Evans, T.D. (1998). Racial differences in informal labeling effects. Deviant Behavior 19:157-171.

Adams, M.S. (1996). Teacher disapproval, delinquent peers, and self-reported delinquency: a longitudinal test of labeling theory. Urban Review 28:199-211.

Agnew, R. (1991) A Longitudinal Test of Social Control Theory and Delinquency. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 28(2): 126-156.

Agnew, R. (1995). Determinism, indeterminism, and crime: an empirical exploration. Criminology 33:83-109.

Agnew, R. (1991). The interactive effects of peer variables on delinquency. Criminology 29:47-72.

Agnew, R. (1994) The Techniques of Neutralization and Violence. Criminology 32:555-580.

Agnew, R. (1990) Adolescent Resources and Delinquency. Criminology 28(4): 535-556.

Bartusch, D.J. and Matsueda, R.L. (1996). Gender, reflected appraisals, and labeling: a cross-group test of an interactionist theory of delinquency. Social Forces 75:145-176.

Blackwell, B.S. and Reed, M.D. (2003). Power-control as a between- and within-family model: reconsidering the unit of analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 32:385-399.

Bushway, S.D. (1998) The Impact of an Arrest on the Job Stability of Young White American Men. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 34:454-479.

Covey, H. C., Menard, S. and Franzese, R. J. (1992; Second edition 1997) Juvenile Gangs Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.

Demuth, S. (2004). Understanding the delinquency and social relationships of loners. Youth and Society 35:366-392.

Duncan, T.E., Alpert, A., and Duncan, S.C. (1998). Multilevel covariance structure analysis of sibling antisocial behavior. Structural Equation Modeling 5:211-228.

Duncan, S.C., Duncan, T.E., and Strycker, L.A. (2001). Qualitative and quantitative shifts in adolescent problem behavior development: a cohort-sequential multivariate latent growth modeling approach. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 23:43-50.

Duncan, S.C., Duncan, T.E., and Strucker, L.A. (2000). Risk and protective factors influencing adolescent problem behavior: a multivariate latent growth curve analysis. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 22:103-109.

Fagan, A. (2003). The short- and long-term effects of adolescent violent victimization experienced within the family and community. Violence and Victims 18:445-458.

Finkel, S. E. (1995) Causal Analysis with Panel Data. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Hannon, L., DeFronzo, J. and Prochnow, J. (2001). Moral commitment and the effects of social influences on violent delinquency. Violence and Victims 16:427-439.

Hartjen, C.A. and Kethineni, S. (1993). Culture, gender, and delinquency: a study of youths in the United States and India. Women and Criminal Justice 5:27-69.

Hayes, H.D. (1997). Using integrated theory to explain the movement into juvenile delinquency. Deviant Behavior 18:161-184.

Heimer, K. and De Coster, S. (1999). The gendering of violent delinquency. Criminology 37:275-312.

Heimer, K. (1997). Socioeconomic status, subcultural definitions, and violent delinquency. Social Forces 75:799-833.

Heimer, K. (1996). Gender, interaction, and delinquency: testing a theory of differential social control. Social Psychology Quarterly 59:39-61.

Hoffman, J.P. (1995). The effects of family structure and family relations on adolescent marijuana use. International Journal of the Addictions 30:1207-1241.

Hoffman, J.P. (1994). Investigating the age effects of family structure on adolescent marijuana use. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 23:215-235.

Jang, S.J. (1999). Age-varying effects of family, school, and peers on delinquency: a multilevel modeling test of interactional theory. Criminology 37:643-685.

Johnson, B.D. and Wish, E.D. (1991). Concentration of delinquent offending: serious drug involvement and high delinquency rates. Journal of Drug Issues 21:205-229.

Johnson, B.R., Jang, S.J., Li, S.D., and Larson, D. (2000). The ‘invisible institution’ and Black youth crime: the church as an agency of local social control. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 29:479-498.

Koita, K. and Triplett, R.A. (1998). An examination of gender and race effects on the parental appraisal process: a reanalysis of Matsueda’s model of the self. Criminal Justice and Behavior 25:382-400.

Lackey, C. (2003). Violent family heritage, the transition to adulthood, and later partner violence. Journal of Family Issues 24:74-98.

Lauritsen, J. L., Sampson, R. J. and Laub, J. H. (1991) The Link Between Offending and Victimization Among Adolescents. Criminology 29(2): 265-292.

Lauritsen, J. L., Laub, J. H. and Sampson, R. J. (1992) Conventional and Delinquent Activities and Implications for the Prevention of Violent Victimization Among Adolescents. Violence and Victims 7(2): 91-108.

Lauritsen, J. L., and Quinet, K.F.D. (1995) Repeat Victimization Among Adolescents and Young Adults. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 11:143-166.

Lauritsen, J. L. (1993) Sibling Resemblance in Juvenile Delinquency: Findings from the National Youth Survey." Criminology 31:387-409.

Lauritsen, J.L. (1994). Explaining race and gender differences in adolescent sexual behavior. Social Forces 72:859-883.

Liu, X. (2000). The conditional effect of peer groups on the relationship between parental labeling and youth delinquency. Sociological Perspectives 43:499-514.

Marciniak, L.M. (1998). Adolescent attitudes toward victim precipitation of rape. Violence and Victims 13:287-300.

Matsueda, R.L. and Anderson, K. (1998). The dynamics of delinquent peers and delinquent behavior. Criminology 36:269-306.

Matsueda, R.L. (1992). Reflected appraisals, parental labeling, and delinquency: specifying a symbolic interactionist theory. American Journal of Sociology 97:1577-1611.

Mazerolle, P. (1998) Gender, Strain, and Delinquency: An Empirical Examination. Justice Quarterly 15:65-91.

McDermott, S. and Nagin, D.S. (2001). Same or different? Comparing offender groups and covariates over time. Sociological Methods and Research 29:282-318.

Mears, D.P., Ploeger, M. and Warr, M. (1998). Explaining the gender gap in delinquency: peer influence and moral evaluations of behavior. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 35:251-266.

Menard, S. (2000) Coefficients of Determination for Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis. The American Statistician, 54(1):17-24.

Menard, S. (1991; Second edition, 2002.)Longitudinal Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Menard, S. (2002) Applied Logistic Regression Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1995; Second Edition.

Miller, D. and Miller, T. (1997) The Relationship Between Marijuana Use and Socioeconomic Status.” Addictive Behaviors, 22, 479-489.

Miller, T. (1994) A Test of Alternative Explanations for the Stage-Like Progression of Adolescent Substance Use in Four National Samples. Addictive Behaviors 19(3): 287-293.

Miller, T. (1997) Statistical Methods for Describing Temporal Order in Longitudinal Research. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 50, 1055-1068.

Miller, T. and Volk, R. (1996) The Relationship Between Weekly Marijuana Use and Cocaine Use: A Discrete-Time Survival Analysis. Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse, 5(4), 55-78.

Miyazaki, Y. and Raudenbush, S. (2000). Tests for linkage of multiple cohorts in an accelerated longitudinal design. Psychological Methods 5:44-63.

Nagin, D. S. and Smith, D. A. (1990) Participation In and Frequency of Delinquent Behavior: A Test for Structural Differences. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 6(4): 335-356.

Needle, R., Su, S., and Lavee, Y. (1990). A comparison of the empirical utility of three composite measures of adolescent overall drug involvement. Addictive Behaviors 14:429-441.

Ousey, G.C. and Maume, M.O. (1997). The grass is always greener: explaining rural and urban differences in marijuana use. Sociological Focus 30:295-305.

Paternoster, R. and Brame, R. (1997) Multiple Routes to Delinquency: A Test of Developmental and General Theories of Crime. Criminology 35:49-84.

Paternoster, R. and Maxerolle, P. (1994) General Strain Theory and Delinquency: A Replication and Extension." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 31(3): 235-263.

Piquero, A.R., MacIntosh, R., and Hickman, M. (2002). The validity of a self-reported delinquency scale: comparisons across gender, age, race, and place of residence. Sociological Methods and Research 30:492-529.

Ploeger, M. (1997). Youth employment and delinquency: reconsidering a problematic relationship. Criminology 35:659-675.

Raudenbush, S.W. (1993) Modeling Individual and Community Effects on Deviance Over Time: Multi-Level Statistical Models. Pp. 205-239 in Farrington, D.P., Sampson, R.J.and Wikström, Per-Olof H. (eds.) Integrating Individual and Ecological Aspects of Crime, Stockholm: National Council for Crime Prevention.

Raudenbush, S. W. and Chan, W. (1992) Growth Curve Analysis in Accelerated Longitudinal Designs. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 29(4): 387-411.

Raudenbush, S.W. (1995) Hierarchial Linear Models to Study the Effects of Social Context on Development. In Gottman, J.M. (ed.) The Analysis of Change, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Reed, M.D. and Rose, D.R. (1998). Doing what Simple Simon says? Estimating the underlying causal structures of delinquent associations, attitudes, and serious theft. Criminal Justice and Behavior 25:240-274.

Reed, M. D. and Rountree, P. W. (1997) Peer Pressure and Adolescent Substance Use. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 180.

Rowe, D. and Britt, C. III. (1991) Developmental Explanations of Delinquent Behavior Among Siblings: Common Factor vs. Transmission Mechanisms. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 7(4):315-331,1991.

Smith, D. A. and Brame, R. (1994) On the Initiation and Continuation of Delinquency. Criminology 32(4): 607-629.

Smith, D. A., Visher, C. A. and Jarjoura, G. R. (1991). Dimensions of delinquency: exploring the correlates of participation, frequency and persistence of delinquent behavior. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 28:6-32.

Smith, D. A., Visher, C. A. and Jarjoura, G. R.(1991) Diversions of Delinquency: Exploring the Correlates of Participation, Frequency and Persistence of Delinquent Behavior. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 28(1): 6-32.

Tolan, P. H. and Thomas, P. (1995) The Implications of Age of Onset for Delinquency Risk II. Longitudinal Data. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 23(2):157-181.

Triplett, R. A. and Jarjoura, G. R. (1994) Theoretical and Empirical Specification of a Model of Informal Labeling. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 10:241-276.

Triplett, R. A. and Myers, L.B. (1996) Evaluating Contextual Patterns of Delinquency: Gender-Based Differences. Justice Quarterly 12:59-84.

Warr, M. (1998). Life-course transitions and desistance from crime. Criminology 36:183-216.

Wells, L.E. and Rankin, J.H. (1996). Juvenile victimization: convergent validation of alternative measurements. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 32:287-307.

Zhang, L. (1997). Informal reactions and delinquency. Criminal Justice and Behavior 24:129-150.

Zhang, L. and Messner, S.F. (2000). The effects of alternative measures of delinquent peers on self-reported delinquency. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 37:324-337.

DISSERTATIONS

Calvert, Wilma J. (2002). Neighborhood Disorder, Individual, Family, and Peer Behavior Protective Factors, and the Risk of Adolescent Delinquent Behavior. University of Missouri, St. Louis.

Chien, Cynthia Y. (1994). Developmental Adaptation of Social Learning Theory. Department of Sociology, University of Colorado.

Craven, Diane. (1987). Criminal Careers: The Role of the Adolescent Peer Group. Department of Sociology, University of Colorado.

Esbensen, Finn-Aage. (1982). Measurement Error in Survey Research: An Examination of Interviewer Effects Upon Adolescent Respondents in a National Youth Survey. Department of Sociology, University of Colorado.

Gelb, Karen A. (1993). The Antecedents of Depression: Individual and Social Contextual Factors. Department of Sociology, University of Colorado.

Gooden, Martin P. (1998). When Juvenile Delinquency Ehnances the Self-Concept: The Role of Race and Academic Performance. The Ohio State University.

Gunnison, Elaine K. (2002). Understanding Female Desistance From Crime: Exploring Theoretical and Empirical Relationships. University of Cincinnati.

Haas, Stephen M. (2000). High School Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis. University of Cincinnati.

Hilarski, M. Carolyn. (2002). A Secondary Analysis of the Relationship Between Victimization and Conduct Disorder Behavior and Stability of Conduct Disorder Behavior in a National Probability Sample. State University of New York at Buffalo.

McMorris, Barbara J. (1998). Using Latent Structure Analysis to Examine the Distribution of Problem Behavior: Discrete Types vs. Propensity Explanations of Criminality. University of Nebraska, Lincoln.

Morse, Barbara J. (1986). Self-Reported Juvenile Violent Offenders: A Descriptive Analysis. Department of Sociology, University of Colorado.

O’Neal, Keri K. (2001). Adolescent Risk Behaviors and Developmental Contextualism: A Person-Oriented Approach. Texas Tech University.

Ramsey, Timothy George. (1997). A Test of Social Control Elements and Developmental Processes to Account for Age-Related Variance in Delinquent Behavior. Department of Sociology, University of Colorado.